Superhopping: Difference between revisions
Sir Corvid (talk | contribs) Created page with "'''Superhopping''' is an external velocity (EV) exploit exclusive to outside-drifting bikes (ODBs) using manual drift. It involves performing spinhops repeatedly to gain EV. Superhopping is notable for being the most widely applicable out of the major EV exploits, as it can be performed even on a flat plane of ground without any setup. On the other hand, it is not as effective for accumulating large amounts of EV. Superhopping saves time on the..." |
Sir Corvid (talk | contribs) added some stuff i learned from monster's blog |
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== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
Bikes are able to gain EV by [[EV#Leaning | leaning]] during a hop. Tilting the stick to either side causes the bike to lean in that direction and gain EV; it also increases the lean rotation value until reaching the lean rotation cap, at which point the vehicle stops gaining EV. If the stick is neutral, lean rotation decreases by 10% per frame. | Bikes are able to gain EV by [[EV#Leaning | leaning]] during a hop. Tilting the stick to either side causes the bike to lean in that direction and gain EV; it also increases the lean rotation value until reaching the lean rotation cap, at which point the vehicle stops gaining EV. If the stick is neutral, lean rotation decreases by 10% per frame. this also applies when the bike has been airborne for over 20 frames, no matter the stick input. | ||
Leaning EV is intended to be lost very quickly, due to two mechanics: wheel EV decay and EV to IV conversion. Wheel EV decay activates | Leaning EV is intended to be lost very quickly, due to two mechanics: wheel EV decay and EV to IV conversion. Wheel EV decay activates when a wheel hitbox is touching the ground, reducing EV by 2-4 per frame for each wheel. EV to IV conversion happens when landing from airtime in particular, and also contributes to EV loss. | ||
There is a distinction between a bike's facing direction (yaw), and the direction of the IV vector, which is the direction of movement without EV. The difference between these two direction is referred to as '''relative angle'''. When landing from airtime, the greater the relative angle, the more EV dissipation is reduced while the relative angle normalizes. | |||
The drifting mechanics of ODBs allow them to reach a relative angle of up to ~45° in a drift, and increase it even higher by repeatedly hopping. On the ground, the relative angle has a hard limit of 60°. When landing on the ground (without a drift), the relative angle is preserved from airtime, though it is capped at 60° and begins decreasing. For large relative angles, the EV loss is greatly reduced. Performing spinhops over and over again allows the bike to both gain EV by leaning, increase its relative angle (so that only a small amount of EV is lost upon landing), and move roughly in a straight line. | |||
Inside-drifting bikes are not able to superhop, because whenever they land from airtime, the relative angle is immediately set to 0°. As a result, the EV absorbed upon landing is much greater, and it is not possible to slowly gain EV over time by hopping. | |||
Superhopping is generally easier to perform on flat ground. Ground sloping affects the airtime of each individual hops, making it difficult to test changes and fully optimize superhopping. On uphills, superhopping is less effective because the reduced airtime makes it harder to accumulate EV. On downhills, the increased airtime makes it easier to gain EV, but controlling the bike's trajectory is more difficult. | Superhopping tends to rotate the bike to turn inwards over time, due to the repeated spinhops. It is still possible to superhop in a (mostly) straight line; if the goal is to gain EV to the right, the basic superhop movement involves alternating a spinhop to the left with a counterhop to the right. Bikes with lower [[Statistics | handling]] are able to take wider lines, making them generally better at superhopping, although every bike slowly turns inwards over time. On the other hand, higher handling makes it slightly easier to accumulate EV, as the relative angle can increase to higher values. | ||
Superhopping is generally easier to perform on flat ground. Ground sloping affects the airtime of each individual hops, making it difficult to test changes and fully optimize superhopping. On uphills, superhopping is less effective because the reduced airtime makes it harder to accumulate EV. On downhills, the increased airtime makes it easier to gain EV, but controlling the bike's trajectory is more difficult on straight lines. | |||
== Optimizations == | == Optimizations == | ||
=== Optimal inputs === | === Optimal inputs === | ||
Before starting a superhop sequence, it is very important to keep drifting for some time, so that the IV vector points fully away from the facing direction. If the initial drift is too short, the bike | Before starting a superhop sequence, it is very important to keep drifting for some time, so that the IV vector points fully away from the facing direction. If the initial drift is too short, the relative angle is too small, which causes bike to lose more EV when landing from each hop at the start of the superhop sequence. (Repeated spinhops continue increasing the relative angle, however, hence why the bike is still able to gain speed after some time.) The exact length of the drift depends on the situation, so it's best to test a few different lengths. | ||
To gain as much speed as possible while superhopping to the right, the angle hop input should be a +2, while the drift commit input should be -1 for a spinhop.<br> | To gain as much speed as possible while superhopping to the right, the angle hop input should be a +2, while the drift commit input should be -1 for a spinhop.<br> | ||
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When performing a drift hop on flat ground, lean rotation reaches the cap again after two hops. To keep resetting the lean rotation, a drift hops should be done every other hop. On downhills, it's better to drift hop every hop due to increased airtime, while on uphills drift hops can be done every third or fourth hop.<br> | When performing a drift hop on flat ground, lean rotation reaches the cap again after two hops. To keep resetting the lean rotation, a drift hops should be done every other hop. On downhills, it's better to drift hop every hop due to increased airtime, while on uphills drift hops can be done every third or fourth hop.<br> | ||
Each drift hop counts as one more grounded frame, making the bike dissipate some EV and rotate inward. For long or tight turns, holding the drift for a few frames is the most efficient method to rotate and move tighter. Forgoing drift hops lets the bike move slightly wider, but affects EV generation, so it's usually better to rework previous superhop lines | Each drift hop counts as one more grounded frame, making the bike dissipate some EV and rotate inward. For long or tight turns, holding the drift for a few frames is the most efficient method to rotate and move tighter. Forgoing drift hops lets the bike move slightly wider, but affects EV generation, so it's usually better to rework previous superhop lines instead. | ||
To perform a drift hop, IV must be at least 55% of maximum base speed upon landing. Even if the bike is moving at 120 u/f, if its IV is too low it won't be able to drift hop. This makes the offroad stat very important on tracks like [[GBA Shy Guy Beach]], which features long stretches of superhopping on offroad. | To perform a drift hop, IV must be at least 55% of maximum base speed upon landing. Even if the bike is moving at 120 u/f, if its IV is too low it won't be able to drift hop. This makes the offroad stat very important on tracks like [[GBA Shy Guy Beach]], which features long stretches of superhopping on offroad. | ||
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[[Collision types#Soft wall | Soft walls]] (also known as barrel roll collision) are often found on the edge of the track, and can be interacted with while superhopping. While colliding with a soft wall, and up to 10 frames after, both leaning and wheel EV decay are disabled. | [[Collision types#Soft wall | Soft walls]] (also known as barrel roll collision) are often found on the edge of the track, and can be interacted with while superhopping. While colliding with a soft wall, and up to 10 frames after, both leaning and wheel EV decay are disabled. | ||
As long as wheel EV decay is disabled, there is no penalty for driving on the ground. This is very useful for | As long as wheel EV decay is disabled, there is no penalty for driving on the ground. This is very useful for accelerating (to increase IV without an EV penalty) and change the direction of IV, especially on straightways where movement options are limited. However, since soft walls also disable leaning, it may be better to avoid them if EV isn't high enough to stay at the speed cap. Soft walls are used for better lines on tracks like [[GBA Bowser Castle 3]] and [[GBA Shy Guy Beach]]. | ||
=== Slippery road === | === Slippery road === | ||
On slippery road, the maximum relative angle on the ground changes from 60° to over 75°. This makes it easier to accumulate EV than on regular terrain, because a greater relative angle reduces the EV lost upon landing from each hop. Likewise, because the [[Statistics | traction]] stat ''decreases'' the maximum relative angle further on slippery road, low traction bikes are able to gain EV a bit more efficiently on slippery road. | |||
Instead of alternating between counterhops and spinhops, a viable movement option is to spinhop in the same direction, drift hop, and simply turn away on the ground for a few frames. Over time, this accumulates more EV than counterhopping and prevents IV from decreasing, but it causes the bike to rotate inwards much more than using counterhops would. | |||
=== Wallclips === | |||
When superhopping to the right, the only option for taking a turn to the left is to stop the superhop sequence, drift to the left until the relative angle reaches 45° again, and resume superhopping in the opposite direction. Clipping a wall immediately reduces the relative angle to 0°, by redirecting the IV vector to be parallel to the bike's facing direction. As such, wallclips can be used to shift the direction of movement and reach a high relative angle in the opposite direction more quickly. This is done, for example, on [[SNES Mario Circuit 3#NU Flap | SNES Mario Circuit 3 NU flap]]'s second shroom, to quickly switch from drifting left at the hairpin to drifting right in preparation the final superhop sequence. | |||
== Usage with other EV exploits == | == Usage with other EV exploits == | ||
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== Reverse superhopping == | == Reverse superhopping == | ||
In all cases discussed so far, superhopping increases the total speed of the bike. This is because the EV vector has a component parallel to the IV vector. | In all cases discussed so far, superhopping increases the total speed of the bike. This is because the EV vector has a component parallel to the IV vector. The total speed is simply the sum of the IV and EV vectors; therefore, the more parallel the two vectors, the greater the total speed. | ||
It is also possible to decrease the total speed by superhopping, for example by drifting to the left and superhopping to the left. In this case, the EV vector has a component opposite the IV vector, and the bike appears to gradually slow down as EV increases; in reality, IV remains stable and EV increases, but since they are pointing in opposite directions, the two components cancel out rather than add together. This application is known as reverse superhopping. | It is also possible to decrease the total speed by superhopping, for example by drifting to the left and superhopping to the left. In this case, the EV vector has a component opposite the IV vector, and the bike appears to gradually slow down as EV increases; in reality, IV remains stable and EV increases, but since they are pointing in opposite directions, the two components cancel out rather than add together. This application is known as reverse superhopping. | ||
Reverse superhopping is generally not useful for 3lap categories, but it has seen use in certain flap setups, such as [[Mario Circuit]]. Compared to other EV exploits, the benefit of reverse superhopping is that takes little room to generate EV, since the speed is low, and it can be performed anywhere, including flat ground. It can also lead to other EV exploits, like supergrinding, while the IV and EV vectors are pointing away from each other. However, reverse superhopping alone is less effective than other methods at accumulating a large amount of EV. | Reverse superhopping is generally not useful for 3lap categories, but it has seen use in certain flap setups, such as [[Mario Circuit]]. Compared to other EV exploits, the benefit of reverse superhopping is that takes little room to generate EV, since the speed is low, and it can be performed anywhere, including flat ground. It can also lead to other EV exploits, like supergrinding, while the IV and EV vectors are pointing away from each other. However, reverse superhopping alone is less effective than other methods at accumulating a large amount of EV. | ||